The Prophet Muhammad was an ordinary man.
The Qur'an unlike and usually is always juxtaposed with the Torah and the Bible.
The Miracle of Islam. All throughout history , especially the three main religions , Religions were based on miracles. The kind of miracle shapes the people's thoughts of the religion , thus shaping the religion itself. The Qur'an was a miracle in itself. The Qur'an can be engaged with without the help of an official authority. Each hueman reads for their own self. Everyone has the freedom of engaging in the Qur'an.
*The first people to think of such a notion of separating church from state was Hobbs and Espinoza. They called for a radical change and separation between the state and church.*
The validity of the text was concluded by rational thinkers of the community. Any text is an object of interpretation. The Qur'an claims to be its own miracle. The Qur'an is a rational text , so if one is rational then one can read and interpret its text. You can come up with crazy interpretations but keeping in mind that it will not be cohesive with the entirety of the text. Thus we have extremists in any and almost every religion.
Arabs were well verse at poetry and eloquence. They were of no rationale. They understood the Qur'an because of its "divine" eloquence and proclaimed that the text mist be written by a Higher being.
Over a period of 23 years , the Prophet Muhammad received the revelations from Allah. This started at 4o years old , approx. 610 A.D. The Qur'an was not revealed chronically. It was not random it contained logic. The Qur'an is an engaging text . Keep in mind the story of Moses and Jesus is mentioned more so than the Prophet Muhammad. Allah , told the Prophet Muhammad these stories so that he can think about his life and how they relate to his life.
The Meccan Suras ( Sura means "chapter" in Arabic ; the Qur'an is composed of 143 Suras ) had certain aspects. They were more poetic than the Suras in Medina which were more prose like , stylistically. The Meccan Suras talked more about God and talked about the Prophets in a "grandeur" general theme. The verses in Medina are basically do's and not do's. Medina Suras were more commanding and had directive order.
The Prophet Muhammad commissioned a number of his companion to memorize the Qur'an , they were called the Hafaza. These men learned the Qur'an by heart. By the time the Prophet Muhammad died , the first Caliph asked one of the closest Hafaza to produce the Qur'an.
God has 99 names in the Qur'an.
God is the ideal perfect being.
Allah is God...
Everyone is responsible for their destiny on judgement day.
Believing in God is believing in the unseen.
"The belief of God is the presence of absence."
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